Processing Technology
1. Process Route Selection
Three primary processing routes are available depending on target products:
Route A — Whole Seed Processing
Raw Seed → Cleaning → Milling → Sifting → Full-Fat Powder + Hull-Rich Fraction
Route B — Fractionation Line
Raw Seed → Cleaning → Dehulling → Air Classification
├── Hull → Milling → Hull Powder
└── Kernel → Milling → Full-Fat Kernel Powder
→ Oil Pressing → Oil + Press Cake
Route C — Full Refining
Raw Seed → Cleaning → Dehulling → Kernel → Oil Pressing
├── Oil → Filtration → Refining → Bottled Oil
└── Cake → Solvent Extraction → Defatted Meal
Hull → Aqueous Extraction → Concentrate → Spray Dry → Gum Powder
2. Mass Balance (per 1000 kg Whole Seed — Route B)
| Stream |
Mass (kg) |
Moisture (%) |
Protein (%) |
Fat (%) |
Fiber (%) |
Notes |
| Input |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Whole seed |
1000 |
7.0 |
22 |
41 |
28 |
Baseline |
| Outputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hull fraction |
320 |
6.0 |
12 |
10 |
75 |
To hull mill |
| Kernel fraction |
650 |
5.5 |
32 |
43 |
10 |
To oil press |
| Process loss |
30 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Dust + moisture |
| Oil line (from 650 kg kernel) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Crude oil |
250 |
< 0.1 |
— |
99.5 |
— |
To filtration |
| Press cake |
390 |
5.0 |
35 |
15 |
12 |
To solvent extraction |
| Solvent extraction (from 390 kg cake) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Defatted meal |
310 |
6.0 |
44 |
1.5 |
15 |
Protein ingredient |
| Extracted oil |
55 |
< 0.1 |
— |
99.5 |
— |
Blend with pressed oil |
| Hull line (from 320 kg hull) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hull powder |
305 |
5.0 |
13 |
10 |
78 |
— |
| Gum extraction (from 100 kg hull) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gum powder |
22 |
5.0 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
Polysaccharide 82% |
| Residue |
73 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Fiber-rich byproduct |
3. Energy Balance (per 1000 kg Whole Seed)
| Process Step |
Electrical (kWh) |
Thermal (kWh) |
Total (kWh) |
% of Total |
| Cleaning & grading |
18 |
— |
18 |
3.6% |
| Dehulling & classification |
35 |
— |
35 |
7.0% |
| Milling / grinding |
55 |
— |
55 |
11.0% |
| Oil pressing |
28 |
— |
28 |
5.6% |
| Solvent extraction |
45 |
120 |
165 |
33.0% |
| Gum extraction |
30 |
85 |
115 |
23.0% |
| Drying |
40 |
20 |
60 |
12.0% |
| Packaging & conveying |
15 |
— |
15 |
3.0% |
| HVAC & utilities |
9 |
— |
9 |
1.8% |
| Total |
275 |
225 |
500 |
100% |
4. Key Process Parameters
| Parameter |
Route A |
Route B |
Route C |
| Total processing time |
2 hr |
4 hr |
8 hr |
| Water consumption |
0.2 m³ |
0.5 m³ |
3.0 m³ |
| N₂ consumption |
5 m³ |
10 m³ |
20 m³ |
| Ethanol consumption (gum) |
— |
— |
200 L (98% recovered) |
| Overall yield (edible product) |
95% |
93% |
88% |
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